Bones Structure MCQs

                                                   Bones Structure MCQs



The correct answer for each question is indicated by a .

1 CORRECT			Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of this is to
			A)	manufacture blood cells
			B)	manufacture tissue cells for the skin
			C)	store adipose tissue
			D)	store bone forming cells
Feedback: Correct Answer
2 CORRECT			Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of this is to
			A)	manufacture blood cells
			B)	manufacture tissue cells for the skin
			C)	store adipose tissue
			D)	store bone forming cells
Feedback: Correct Answer
3 CORRECT			One of the functions of bone is "electrolyte balance." Which of the following best represents this role?
			A)	Bones exchange all types of electrolytes with the blood and with cartilage.
			B)	Bones store calcium and phosphorus and release them into the blood as needed.
			C)	Bones take up and store electrolytes but seldom release them.
			D)	Bones are storage places for electrolytes, iron, proteins, and fats.
Feedback: Correct Answer
4 CORRECT			Which of the following best describes the role of a lacuna in a bone?
			A)	a cavity within a bone to house an osteocyte
			B)	an indentation within a bone that houses an osteoclast
			C)	a space within the bone for marrow development
			D)	another term for the diploe of a flat bone
Feedback: Correct Answer
5 CORRECT			Cartilage grows by two mechanisms: interstitial growth and appositional growth. Which pair of terms best describes the two methods?
			A)	medial and lateral
			B)	proximal and distal
			C)	internal and on the surface
			D)	left and right
Feedback: Correct Answer
6 CORRECT			The shaft of a bone is known as the
			A)	epiphysis
			B)	metaphysis
			C)	periosteum
			D)	diaphysis
Feedback: Correct Answer
7 CORRECT			The growth zone of a long bone is referred to as the
			A)	osteon
			B)	epiphyseal plate
			C)	articular surface
			D)	diaphysis
Feedback: Correct Answer

8 CORRECT			A tissue that surrounds a long bone, made of a double layer of connective tissue, is referred to as the
			A)	endosteum
			B)	marrow
			C)	growth plate
			D)	periosteum
Feedback: Correct Answer

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9 INCORRECT			What type of bone tissue surrounds a medullary cavity?
			A)	compact bone
			B)	medullary bone
			C)	spongy bone
			D)	replacement bone
Feedback: The answer refers to the general appearance, although it is not soft.

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10 CORRECT			Sharpey's fibers, located on the periphery of a bone, are
			A)	collagen fibers from ligaments that attach to bone
			B)	elastic fibers that are found in tendons
			C)	fibers that make up the structure of endosteum
			D)	elastic fibers that make up the structure of periosteum
Feedback: Correct Answer
11 INCORRECT			The lattice of spongy bone, consisting of plates, rods and spines, is called
			A)	marrow
			B)	trabeculae
			C)	lacunae
			D)	endosteum
Feedback: This is in cancellous bone and makes up the spongy portion of bone.
12 CORRECT			The end of a long bone is referred to as the
			A)	epiphysis
			B)	metaphysis
			C)	diaphysis
			D)	periosteum
Feedback: Correct Answer

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13 CORRECT			Examples of bones that are "irregular" in shape are
			A)	femur, skull and sternum
			B)	vertebrae and some skull bones
			C)	radius and ulna
			D)	radius, tibia, femur and patella
Feedback: Correct Answer

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14 INCORRECT			Which of the following is a squamous epithelium that lines the medullary cavity of a bone to begin the formation of marrow?
			A)	periosteum
			B)	osteocytes
			C)	endosteum
			D)	trabeculae with osteoclasts
Feedback: The prefix endo- refers to the tissue on the inside of a bone.
15 CORRECT			Passing through the periostum of bones are arteries, veins, and
			A)	nerves
			B)	adipose tissue
			C)	Volkmann's canals
			D)	the spinal cord
Feedback: Correct Answer
16 CORRECT			Which of the following bones is considered to be flat?
			A)	femur
			B)	sternum
			C)	vertebra
			D)	talus
Feedback: Correct Answer
17 INCORRECT			Which of the following is classified as a long bone?
			A)	phalanx
			B)	sternum
			C)	vertebra
			D)	talus
Feedback: Of the choices only one is a very long bone.
18 INCORRECT			The epiphyseal plate is located in the
			A)	diaphysis
			B)	spongy bone zone
			C)	mid-bone as in the middle of the clavicle
			D)	metaphysis
Feedback: The area of change is correct.
19 INCORRECT			Once an endochondral bone has completed its ossification, the bone now has a ___________ where the old epiphyseal plate existed.
			A)	medullary cavity
			B)	line of cartilage
			C)	foramina
			D)	epiphyseal line
Feedback: The boundary is visible on an x-ray and is the location of the old growth zone.
20 INCORRECT			Bones are
			A)	cartilage
			B)	connective tissues
			C)	organs
			D)	All of the above.
Feedback: Bones are multi-facted.
21 INCORRECT			In compact bone, the Haversian canals go the length of the bone. What are the connectors from one Haversian canal to another?
			A)	Volkmann's canals
			B)	Haversian II canals
			C)	semicircular canals
			D)	blood canals
Feedback: The canals are the lateral connectors for Haversian canals.
22 CORRECT			Cancellous bone is often referred to as _____________ bone.
			A)	compact
			B)	woven
			C)	spongy
			D)	modeled
Feedback: Correct Answer
23 INCORRECT			Cancellous bone has spaces within that are deigned for the housing of
			A)	new osteocytes
			B)	future osteocytes
			C)	marrow and blood vessels
			D)	undifferentiated cells for development of bone
Feedback: This makes a type of bone where the marrow anchors.

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24 CORRECT			An osteon (Haversian system) is actually
			A)	a Haversian canal and its lamellae
			B)	a growth of new bone
			C)	layers of bone in a fontanel
			D)	a bone that has demineralized
Feedback: Correct Answer
25 INCORRECT			Since bone is a connective tissue, it has all the necessary features of a connective tissue including a matrix. What makes up the matrix of a bone?
			A)	collagen, elastic fibers, and other proteins
			B)	osteoblasts and osteoclasts
			C)	collagen, proteins and hydroxyapatite
			D)	sodium, calcium, phosphorus, elastic fibers and some adipose tissue
Feedback: The matrix of bone is composed of molecules that give it strength.
26 INCORRECT			If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?
			A)	it becomes stiff and brittle
			B)	no noticeable differences occur with the bone
			C)	it becomes soft and rubbery
			D)	it breaks apart into thousands of small pieces
Feedback: Taking away the hardened part would easily soften it.

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27 CORRECT			Which of the following types of bone develops out of a non-cartilage connective tissue scaffold?
			A)	intramembranous
			B)	replacement
			C)	endochondral
			D)	perichondral
Feedback: Correct Answer
28 CORRECT			Bone cells that manufacture new bone are known as
			A)	osteoblasts
			B)	osteoclasts
			C)	osteomesoclasts
			D)	chondrocytes
Feedback: Correct Answer
29 CORRECT			The center of an osteon is known as a Haversian canal. What passes through the center of the canal?
			A)	water
			B)	blood and nerves
			C)	osteocytes
			D)	chondrocytes
Feedback: Correct Answer

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30 INCORRECT			The inorganic portion of a bone structure, made primarily of calcium phosphate crystals, is known as
			A)	collagen bone component
			B)	appetite
			C)	organic calcium
			D)	hydroxyapatite
Feedback: This organic compound is made of calcium and phosphorus.
31 CORRECT			Which of the following types of cells puts calcium and phosphorus into bone as well as manufactures bone?
			A)	osteoclasts
			B)	osteoblasts
			C)	osteons
			D)	matrix cells
Feedback: Correct Answer
32 CORRECT			Osteocytes must have the ability to receive nutrients from the blood and an ability to return wastes to the blood. Connectors between the osteocytes and the blood vessels are known as
			A)	Volkmann's canals
			B)	central canals
			C)	perforating canals
			D)	canaliculi
Feedback: Correct Answer
33 INCORRECT			Osteoclasts are active cells that tear down bone. They do this by secreting an enzyme that dissolves the collagen in the bone matrix. Which of the following is that enzyme?
			A)	hydroxyapatase
			B)	acid phosphatase
			C)	calcium acid
			D)	epiphyseal reduction
Feedback: This enzyme dissolves collagen in the matrix.
34 INCORRECT			In children and adolescents, what is the epiphyseal plate composed of?
			A)	bone
			B)	hyaline cartilage
			C)	collagen fibers
			D)	elastic fiber, collagen fibers, and elastic cartilage
Feedback: The plate is composed of one form of cartilage.
35 CORRECT			Normal formation of bone is known as osteogenesis. Another term for bone formation is
			A)	osteoporosis
			B)	ossification
			C)	osteosarcoma
			D)	osteocyte
Feedback: Correct Answer
36 CORRECT			Osteoprogenitor cells
			A)	assist in fracture healing by taking bone fragments away from the injury site
			B)	make up the scaffolding of membranous bone
			C)	are stem cells that become osteoblasts
			D)	are osteocytes that do not live in bone
Feedback: Correct Answer
37 CORRECT			In the skull of a newborn baby, the space between the developing skull bones is known as a(n)
			A)	intramembranous canal
			B)	fontanel
			C)	central canal
			D)	lacuna
Feedback: Correct Answer

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38 UNANSWERED			Endochondral ossification begins at what age?
			A)	during fetal development
			B)	birth
			C)	puberty
			D)	adulthood
39 INCORRECT			Endochondral ossification ends at what age?
			A)	birth
			B)	puberty
			C)	adulthood
			D)	about age 50
Feedback: The process ends at the point in time where we reach our adult height.
40 INCORRECT			The bone formed by endochondral ossification is called _____________ bone.
			A)	replacement
			B)	cartilage
			C)	membrane
			D)	compact
Feedback: It refers to the process of replacing cartilage with bone.
41 INCORRECT			Most of the peripheral skeleton of a 7-month-old fetus is primarily
			A)	adipose tissue
			B)	cartilage tissue
			C)	general fetal tissue
			D)	undifferentiated bone tissue
Feedback: Most of the fetal skeleton has not yet been replaced by bone.

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42 CORRECT			The term "appositional growth" refers to bone growth that occurs
			A)	before birth
			B)	in the epiphysis only
			C)	on the surface of cartilage, bone or older bone
			D)	inside of a lacuna
Feedback: Correct Answer
43 INCORRECT			The epiphyseal plate is the zone of
			A)	new growth for endochondral ossification
			B)	growth in intramembranous bone
			C)	growth in the skull bones only
			D)	growth in the leg bones only
Feedback: This is the part of the metaphysis where replacement takes place.

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44 INCORRECT			The epiphyseal plate is divided into 4 zones. The region where the bone grows longer is the zone of
			A)	resting cartilage
			B)	proliferation
			C)	hypotrophy
			D)	calcification
Feedback: The zone is a hyper zone of growth.

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45 INCORRECT			The epiphyseal plate is divided into 4 zones. The region where chondrocytes mature and enlarge is the zone of
			A)	resting cartilage
			B)	proliferation
			C)	hypertrophy
			D)	calcification
Feedback: This zone is where the chondrocytes mature, proliferate and enlarge.

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46 CORRECT			The epiphyseal plate is divided into 4 zones. The region where the cartilage matrix is mineralized with calcium carbonate is the zone of
			A)	resting cartilage
			B)	proliferation
			C)	hypertrophy
			D)	calcification
Feedback: Correct Answer

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47 INCORRECT			Two of the primary hormones for bone growth and development are
			A)	bone growth hormone and epiphyseal growth hormone.
			B)	human growth hormone and thyroid hormone.
			C)	thyroid stimulating hormone and body growth hormone.
			D)	pituitary hormone and bone growth hormone.
Feedback: Both growth hormone and thyroid hormone target and promote bone growth
48 INCORRECT			Intramembranous ossification results in the formation of bones that belong to which class of bones?
			A)	skull and ribs
			B)	ribs, clavicles, and spine
			C)	flat bones of the clavicle and skull
			D)	spine, skull, ribs, and scapulas
Feedback: This bone process occurs in most of the skull bones and the clavicles, which were kept flexible before parturition to make childbirth easier.
49 INCORRECT			Before the process of intramembranous ossification, which of the following type of tissue is found in the associated membranes of the skull and clavicles?
			A)	cartilage
			B)	bone
			C)	epithelium
			D)	collagen fibers
Feedback: The primary fiber is a strong protein that gives the membrane support prior to ossification.
50 INCORRECT			The process of intramembranous ossification begins when?
			A)	during embryonic development
			B)	at birth
			C)	in the teenage years
			D)	around the time of full development
Feedback: The process begins very early.
51 INCORRECT			The type of cells that brings about intramembranous ossification are
			A)	osteocyte
			B)	osteoblasts
			C)	osteoclasts
			D)	osteon
Feedback: An osteoblast builds new bone.
52 CORRECT			The development of the fontanel is brought about by
			A)	the unossified fibrous membranes in the skull
			B)	membranous deossification
			C)	endochondral ossification
			D)	hypertrophy of osteocytes
Feedback: Correct Answer
53 INCORRECT			Woven bone is formed during which of the following situations?
			A)	puberty
			B)	fetal development and after fractures
			C)	the first few months following birth
			D)	periods of bone decalcification in old age
Feedback: This type of bone formation occurs sometimes and makes a bone stronger than it was before.
54 INCORRECT			Lamellar bone is bone that
			A)	arises out of cartilage
			B)	arises out of collagen and elastic fibers
			C)	replaces worn out and fractured bone
			D)	is mature and is organized into thin sheets or layers
Feedback: This type of bone is formed in thin sheets on mature bone.
55 CORRECT			In regard to bone cell development, which of the following sequences is correct?
			A)	osteoblasts → osteoclasts → osteocyte
			B)	osteogenic cells → osteoclasts → osteocytes
			C)	osteogenic → osteocyte → osteoclast
			D)	osteogenic → osteoblasts → osteocyte
Feedback: Correct Answer
56 CORRECT			When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following tears down bone?
			A)	osteoclasts
			B)	osteoblasts
			C)	osteons
			D)	matrix cells
Feedback: Correct Answer
57 INCORRECT			If a 12 year old were to fracture their epiphyseal plate, the result of the damage could be that the bone
			A)	grows abnormally brittle
			B)	may stop growing at the plate
			C)	may grow much thicker at the site of the injury
			D)	has greatly increased potential for a sarcoma
Feedback: Serious damage to growth could occur.
58 CORRECT			Which of the following is the most accurate definition of "bone remodeling"?
			A)	bone that develops during fetal development and stays with us for life
			B)	removal of old bone by osteoclasts and making of new bone by osteoblasts
			C)	the construction of bone around blood vessels for a Haversian canal
			D)	the laying out of new bone in a fracture site
Feedback: Correct Answer
59 CORRECT			In the process of bone remodeling, old bone is removed by
			A)	osteocytes
			B)	osteoblasts
			C)	osteoclasts
			D)	remodeling osteoprogenitor cells
Feedback: Correct Answer
60 CORRECT			Following a bone fracture a callus builds around the fracture site. Callus is a
			A)	mass of tissue.
			B)	mass of blood vessels.
			C)	mass of old broken bone pieces.
			D)	collection of blood vessels and collagen at the fracture site.
Feedback: Correct Answer

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61 CORRECT			Which of the following fractures refers to a fracture of a bone in multiple pieces?
			A)	complete
			B)	incomplete
			C)	impacted
			D)	comminuted
Feedback: Correct Answer

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62 CORRECT			Which of the following fractures is often referred to as being a "greenstick" fracture?
			A)	complete
			B)	incomplete
			C)	impacted
			D)	comminuted
Feedback: Correct Answer

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63 CORRECT			Which of the following fractures goes all the way through a bone, but does not break it into multiple pieces?
			A)	complete
			B)	incomplete
			C)	impacted
			D)	comminuted
Feedback: Correct Answer

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64 INCORRECT			Which of the following fractures is a fracture of the distal radius and/or ulna?
			A)	Pott's
			B)	Colle's
			C)	Avulsion
			D)	Pathologic
Feedback: This fracture was named after a doctor, whose name sounds like a familiar dog.
65 CORRECT			Which of the following fractures is a fracture in a bone already weakened by disease?
			A)	Pott's
			B)	Colle's
			C)	Avulsion
			D)	Pathologic
Feedback: Correct Answer
66 CORRECT			A spiral fracture of a bone most often is the result of a bone
			A)	weakened by disease
			B)	that has been crushed
			C)	that has been twisted
			D)	that has been compressed
Feedback: Correct Answer
67 INCORRECT			An injury that occurs to vertebrae when they are flattened is known as a
			A)	spiral fracture
			B)	pathologic fracture
			C)	compression fracture
			D)	linear fracture
Feedback: A flattened bone is a compacted fracture.
68 CORRECT			The term "calcium homeostasis" refers to which of the following?
			A)	balance of calcium between the bone and the cartilage
			B)	creation of calcium by bones
			C)	balance of calcium between the blood and the bones
			D)	movement of calcium to and from cartilage and bone
Feedback: Correct Answer
69 CORRECT			Which of the following glands plays a major role in calcium homeostasis?
			A)	adrenal
			B)	parathyroid
			C)	ovaries and testes
			D)	thymus
Feedback: Correct Answer
70 INCORRECT			If blood calcium levels decrease, which of the following hormones is released to take calcium out of bones and put it into the blood?
			A)	calcitonin
			B)	calcium hydroxyl hormone
			C)	parathyroid hormone
			D)	human growth hormone
Feedback: When blood calcium levels are too low PTH is released to activate osteoclasts, which move calcium from the bones into the blood.
71 INCORRECT			If blood calcium levels increase, which of the following hormones is released to take calcium from the blood and place in into the bones?
			A)	calcitonin
			B)	pituitary hormone
			C)	parathyroid hormone
			D)	human growth hormone
Feedback: Calcitonin activates osteoblasts, which form new bone and use up excess plasma calcium
72 CORRECT			Calcitrol is a(n)
			A)	bone growth hormone
			B)	form of calcium stored in bones
			C)	activated form of vitamin D.
			D)	excretion of the thyroid and parathyroid glands.
Feedback: Correct Answer
73 INCORRECT			The general function of calcitriol in relation to bone cell activity is that it
			A)	inhibits the action of osteoblasts.
			B)	increases osteoclast activity.
			C)	destroys osteocytes.
			D)	stops all bone growth activity.
Feedback: Another function of calcitriol is to increase activity and promote intestinal calcium absorption.
74 INCORRECT			In old age, most of the yellow bone marrow is replaced by
			A)	gelatinous bone marrow
			B)	solid compact bone
			C)	cartilage
			D)	red marrow
Feedback: The yellow marrow becomes gelatinous.
75 CORRECT			Osteoporosis most often occurs in
			A)	older men of all races
			B)	older white women
			C)	older black women
			D)	teenage males and females
Feedback: Correct Answer
76 INCORRECT			Most of the calcium taken in with the diet that is not absorbed is
			A)	stored in the liver.
			B)	excreted by the kidneys in the urine
			C)	excreted in the feces
			D)	recycled in the body
Feedback: Nonabsorbed calcium is excreted in the feces.
77 INCORRECT			Which of the following represents a normal level of blood calcium in an adult?
			A)	9-11mgs
			B)	15-18mgs
			C)	20-25 mgs
			D)	10-12 grams
Feedback: 9-11mgs is a common level of blood calcium in adults.
78 CORRECT			Insufficient vitamin D in a diet may result in a condition known as
			A)	rickets
			B)	osteoporosis
			C)	scurvy
			D)	Paget's disease
Feedback: Correct Answer
79 CORRECT			Insufficient vitamin C in a diet may result in a condition known as
			A)	rickets
			B)	osteoporosis
			C)	scurvy
			D)	Paget's disease
Feedback: Correct Answer
80 CORRECT			A lack of vitamin D in the diet that may occur in adults with a digestive disorder is known as
			A)	sarcoma
			B)	osteomalacia
			C)	osteitis
			D)	osteoprogenitor disorder
Feedback: Correct Answer
81 CORRECT			Which of the following diseases of bones is a loss of bone mass and density?
			A)	osteoporosis
			B)	osteitis deformans (Paget's)
			C)	osteomyelitis
			D)	osteosarcoma
Feedback: Correct Answer
82 CORRECT			Which of the following diseases is a bacterial infection of bone?
			A)	osteoporosis
			B)	osteitis deformans (Paget's)
			C)	osteomyelitis
			D)	osteosarcoma
Feedback: Correct Answer
83 CORRECT			Which of the following bone disorders is a deadly bone tumor?
			A)	osteoma
			B)	osteosarcoma
			C)	osteomyelitis
			D)	osteitis
Feedback: Correct Answer
84 CORRECT			The most common bone disease is osteoporosis. The most common consequence of this disease is
			A)	fractures
			B)	bone thickening
			C)	luxations and subluxations
			D)	fusion of bones
Feedback: Correct Answer
85 CORRECT			A developmental disorder in which the pituitary produces excess growth hormone and the patient grows abnormally large is known as
			A)	pituitary dwarfism
			B)	achondroplastic dwarfism
			C)	acromegaly
			D)	osteogenesis imperfecta
Feedback: Correct Answer
86 INCORRECT			Which of the following is a genetic disorder in which very brittle bones are produced that result in many fractures?
			A)	pituitary dwarfism
			B)	achondroplastic dwarfism
			C)	acromegaly
			D)	osteogenesis imperfecta
Feedback: This condition results in imperfect bones.
87 CORRECT			Which of the following disorders is the result of low amounts of growth hormone production that results in a very small person?
			A)	pituitary dwarfism
			B)	achondroplastic dwarfism
			C)	acromegaly
			D)	osteogenesis imperfecta
Feedback: Correct Answer
88 INCORRECT			Bone tissue sometimes forms in the lungs, brain, eyes, muscles, tendon, and arteries. This type of extra bone growth is termed
			A)	ectopic
			B)	mineralized
			C)	hypercalcemic
			D)	hypocalcemic
Feedback: The prefix ecto- means on the outer side or extra.
89 CORRECT			Which of the following diseases of bones results in a thickening of the bones of the skull and pelvis, most often occurring in males?
			A)	osteoporosis
			B)	Rickets' disease
			C)	osteitis
			D)	Paget's disease of bone
Feedback: Correct Answer
90 INCORRECT			Which of the following combinations of treatments would be the most appropriate for treatment of osteoporosis?
			A)	running, hiking, and drinking 3 liters of water per day
			B)	walking, adding calcium to the diet and, perhaps, taking estrogen-replacement therapy
			C)	walking, taking phosphorus tablets, and drinking 3 liters or more of water a day
			D)	running, taking mineral tablets each day, drinking more water, and taking testosterone therapy.